Uncovering the History of the LO-58 Former Nike Battery Launch Site

In the serene landscapes of Caribou, Aroostook County, Maine, the LO-58 Former Nike Battery Launch Site, often referred to as “the Site,” holds a unique historical significance. This 17-acre property, located at 253 Van Buren Road (Route 1), has seen its purpose evolve over the years, transitioning from a Nike missile launching facility to its current state under the ownership of the Lister-Knowlton Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW) Post 9389.

The history of this site dates back to 1955 when it was acquired by the United States (U.S.) Government for the construction of a Nike missile launching facility. The LO-58 Site boasted the former Nike Missile Launcher Area, Engine, Generator, and Frequency Changer Building (Generator Building), Missile Assembly and test Building (Test Building), Acid Fueling/Neutralization Station (AFNS), and a Barracks Building. It became operational in 1957, initially designed for the Ajax-type guided missile.

In 1960, operations shifted to the Hercules missile, necessitating modifications to the facilities, including the construction of the Warhead Building and an upgraded Test Building. However, it’s worth noting that contamination from the Hercules missiles is unlikely, as the propellant was delivered already incorporated into the missile boosters, and no evidence suggests its disposal on-site.

The LO-58 Site was deactivated by the Department of Defense (DoD) in 1966, and in 1969, it was conveyed to the City of Caribou for municipal storage purposes. Ultimately, in 1970, the property found its current owners, the Lister-Knowlton VFW Post 9389.

Over the years, environmental investigations took place, identifying volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and chlorinated solvents in the groundwater and indoor air. This led to its eligibility for cleanup under the Defense Environmental Restoration Program, Formerly Used Defense Sites (DERP-FUDS).

Site visits and investigations in the mid-1980s revealed the presence of contaminants related to the site’s former use, specifically VOCs and trichloroethylene (TCE) in groundwater, as well as indoor air pollutants like chloroform and naphthalene.

Remediation efforts ensued, including the closure of missile magazines, installing a point-of-entry treatment system for contaminated well water, and various soil and groundwater sampling activities. A Long-Term Monitoring Plan was developed, focusing on drinking water supply wells and bedrock monitoring wells.

Fast forward to recent years, a Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study was conducted from 2011 to 2017 to evaluate contamination, environmental risks, and potential remedial alternatives. In 2019, a final remedy was determined, addressing groundwater and vapor intrusion risks.

The selected remedy includes continued point-of-entry treatment for drinking water, monitored natural attenuation, and long-term monitoring for groundwater. For vapor intrusion, an active sub-slab vapor mitigation system was installed, effectively mitigating indoor air contamination.

The LO-58 Former Nike Battery Launch Site is a testament to history and environmental stewardship. Its transformation from a military facility to a site undergoing comprehensive cleanup showcases the dedication to safeguarding the environment and public health. As the journey toward complete remediation continues, it serves as a reminder of the importance of responsible land use and restoration, contributing to the community’s well-being and surroundings.